The digitization of the construction and engineering sector has brought with it tools that have revolutionized the way projects are conceived, designed, and executed. One of the most powerful is BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, which has marked a turning point in the planning, coordination, and management of construction projects.
From Viarium, we will explain what it is, its benefits, applications, and everything related to this technology.
Origin of BIM
Although the concept of BIM became popular in the last decade, its roots date back to the 1970s and 1980s, when the first computer-aided design (CAD) programs emerged. The term “Building Information Modeling” was coined in the 1990s, and since then it has evolved from a simple 3D model to become a comprehensive data management system for construction projects.
Currently, many countries have adopted BIM as a mandatory standard for public projects, driving its global implementation.
What is BIM technology?
BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology it is a collaborative working methodology that centralizes all project information in a 3D digital model.. This model not only represents the geometry of the building, but also incorporates data on materials, times, costs, energy efficiency, and maintenance.
Its strength lies in the interoperability between disciplines: architecture, engineering, structures, installations, and civil works all work in the same digital environment, reducing errors, overlaps, and unexpected costs.
Benefits of BIM technology
The benefits of applying BIM in construction and engineering projects are significant:
- Better multidisciplinary coordination and early detection of conflicts.
- Reduced costs and lead times by optimizing planning.
- Simulation of construction processes before executing them.
- Automatic documentation updated in real time.
- Greater accuracy in measurements, budgets, and resource management.
- Facilitates asset maintenance and management after construction (Facility Management).
BIM methodology in projects
The use of BIM accompanies the entire project lifecycle, from the design phase to the operation of the building or infrastructure.
BIM methodology in the design phase
During this stage, the initial model is generated, including geometries, structures, installations, and energy analyses. Design decisions are made based on an accurate model, which allows for the visualization of interferences and the simulation of different construction options.
BIM methodology in the construction phase
The BIM model becomes a tool for executing the work: deadlines, logistics, task sequencing, and procurement are planned digitally. The information in the model allows for greater traceability and control in the actual execution.
BIM methodology in Spain
In Spain, the use of BIM has been mandatory in public building contracts since 2019 and in infrastructure contracts since 2020. The Ministry of Transport, Mobility, and Urban Agenda has promoted its adoption through the National BIM Strategy, which establishes regulatory, training, and public procurement frameworks.
Applications of BIM technology
BIM technology is not limited to buildings. Its applications include:
- Linear infrastructure: such as roads, railways, or distribution networks.
- Civil works: dams, airports, ports, and stations.
- Urban management and Smart Cities or Smart Mobility.
- Rehabilitation and maintenance of existing assets.
- Simulation of sustainability and energy efficiency.
Integrating BIM methodology into engineering and technology projects facilitates collaborative, interoperable environments that are aligned with the most demanding international standards. In a context of digital transformation, BIM is a fundamental pillar for the evolution of the sector.